ANIMAL HUSBANDRY WAEC 2019

     ANIMAL HUSBANDRY OBJ

1-10DCBACBCACB

11-20DBDBACADAC

21-30ADBAADAADC

31-40BCBBAACBCA

40-50

**************************************

                <~~~~~~Essay~~~~~~>
1a) i)
- Bee keeping requires less time, money and infrastructure investments

-Honey and beeswax can be produced from an area of little agricultural value

- The Honey bee does not compete for resources with any other agricultural enterprise.

-Beekeeping can be initiated by individuals or groups

-The market potential for honey and wax is high


1a)ii)
- Buy the Bee
- choose your hive system
- gather beekeeping supplies
- introduce bees to the hive
- keep your bee healthy and happy

1b)
- Use a hybrid or cross bred female.

-Satisfy the nutritional requirements of the sow both in pregnancy and lactation.

-Bring a healthy sow into the farrowing house.

-Achieve good birth weights.

-Ensure each pig receives maximum colostrum at birth.

1c)
i)For food production e.g milk and meat
ii)They are used as source of power in the farm.
iii)They serve as source of hides.
iv)They serve as source of income to farmers
v)They provides raw materials for industry.

vi)Their horns are used for decoration.


2a)
(Pick three) 
(1)Separators Dairy Equipment.
(2)Homogenizer Dairy Equipment.
(3)Pasteurizers Dairy Equipment.
(4)Tanks Dairy Equipment


2b)
(Steps for Pasteurization of milk)

(1)Pour the raw milk into the stainless steel pot.

(2)Slowly heat the milk to 145 degrees Fahrenheit, stirring occasionally

(3)Hold the temperature at 145 F for exactly 30 minutes.

(4)Remove the pot of milk from the heat and place it in a sink or large bowl filled with ice water. 

(5)Store pasteurized milk in the refrigerator.



2ci)
-Wholesalers

(1)They purchase product in bulk

(2)They provide storage facilities 

(3)They provide good transport  facilities 

(4)They pass information  from retailers to producer and vise versa

2cii)
-Retailer

(1)They make produce readily available  to the customers

(2)They provide jobs for many people 

(3)They pass information  from the consumers to the wholesalers 

(4)They give credits to some consumers


2di)
(Pick three only) 
-Marketing  board
(1)The board provides an organised and ready market for various agricultural commodities

(2)it helps to stabilise the prices of farm produce

(3)The board sometimes provides capital to farmers 

(4)it advises and encourage  farmers to adopt modern farming techniques

(5)it helps to transport the produce of the farmers 


2dii)

(Pick three only) 
- co-operative society 

(1)They stimulate competition in produce marketing by buying produce in bulk

(2)They have close contact with producers

(3)They reduce the inequality of income distribution by selling to members at reduced rate

(4)They also provide transportation services

(5)They grant loans to members


3ai)
The life cycle of the head louse has three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

*Eggs: Nits are head lice eggs. They are hard to see and are often confused for dandruff or hair spray droplets. Nits are laid by the adult female and are cemented at the base of the hair shaft nearest the scalp  The number 1 . They are 0.8 mm by 0.3 mm, oval and usually yellow to white. Nits take about 1 week to hatch (range 6 to 9 days). Viable eggs are usually located within 6 mm of the scalp.

*Nymphs: The egg hatches to release a nymph  The number 2 . The nit shell then becomes a more visible dull yellow and remains attached to the hair shaft. The nymph looks like an adult head louse, but is about the size of a pinhead. Nymphs mature after three molts (  The number 3 ,  The number 4 ) and become adults about 7 days after hatching.


*Adults: The adult louse is about the size of a sesame seed, has 6 legs (each with claws), and is tan to grayish-white  The number 5 . In persons with dark hair, the adult louse will appear darker. Females are usually larger than males and can lay up to 8 nits per day. Adult lice can live up to 30 days on a person’s head. To live, adult lice need to feed on blood several times daily. Without blood meals, the louse will die within 1 to 2 days off the host.

3b
i)
cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry

(4a)
Artificial pasture refers to an area of land covered with forage grasses and legumes which are deliberately planted by man.

(4b) 
(i) extend the growing season of a pasture
(ii) increase the organic matter content of the soil over time because of grass root systems
(iii) reduce weed encroachment
(iv) reduce erosion
(v) produce higher yields
(vi) improve the palatability

(4ci)
(i) mixed production
(ii) intensive farming systems “landless”
(iii) extensive production system

(4cii)
-Mixed production:
(I) it includes both agriculture and livestock 
(ii)it can be either intensive or extensive. 
(iii)it used for exploitation of both irrigated or non-irrigated land and they are common in some parts of America, Europe and Asia.

-Intensive farming:
(i) it is mainly used for livestock. 
(ii)it is used to breed pigs, chickens, laying hens, cattle and even fish
(iii)they are common in north America, Europe and Asia and in heavy populated areas in general, where the demand for meat and proteins is very high.

-Extensive farming:
(i)it is used on large non-cultivated land where animals can graze freely
(ii)it is use for cattle, to produce meat and milk, sheep and goats.
(iii)It is more common in Central and South America



5)

(6a)
ADVANTAGES:
(i) Castration reduces male aggression and thereby makes males easier to
handle.
(ii) There is a risk of unwanted matings if there are uncastrated males on the farm, other than those required for breeding.
(iii) Due apparently to traditional butchers' prejudices, castrated male meat is marketed higher than that of uncastrated meats.
(iv) Performance and conversion rates can be itnpr<>ved by castration. 
(v) It helps in preventing production of unwanted or undesirable offspring

DISADVANTAGES:
(i) The cheaper methods of castration; which the farmer can do himself,require a degree of skill. With such methods there is a risk of infection.
(ii) The alternative, of calling in a veterinary surgeon, adds to costs.

(c) Castration involves somne time.

6b)i)

 ANSWERS LOADING